• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    In a method of steering a vehicle with a drive system comprising an output shaft of an internal combustion engine and a planetary gear having a first (9) and second (30) electric machine connected by their rotors (9b, 32) to the components of planetary gear, the internal combustion engine is started when the vehicle is driven by ensuring that the rotor of the second electric machine (30) is connected to the output shaft of the internal combustion engine and this electric machine is speed controlled against the internal combustion engine speed, whereupon fuel injection is injected into the combustion engine. to start this. (Fig. 3).
    公开号:SE1451652A1
    申请号:SE1451652
    申请日:2014-12-23
    公开日:2015-06-24
    发明作者:Johan Lindström；Mathias Björkman；Mikael Bergquist；Niklas Pettersson
    申请人:Scania Cv Ab；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    10fuel consumption and wear of the clutch plates. Greatlosses also result especially at the start of the vehicle. Oneconventional coupling mechanism is also relatively heavy andcostly. It also occupies a relatively large space in the vehicle.
    Friction losses also occur when using a hydraulicconverter / torque converter commonly used in automatic gearboxes.
    By ensuring that the vehicle has a drive system in whichthe output shaft of the motor, the rotor of the electric machine andthe input shaft of the gearbox is connected to a planetarygear, the conventional clutch mechanism and the likedisadvantages of this are avoided. A vehicle with a drive system ofthis type is known from EP 1 319 546 and SE 536 329.
    Certainly, there are a number of advantageous procedures for steering a vehiclewith a drive system of the type described in SE 536 329 known, butthere is, of course, a constant quest to improve the way we governsuch vehicles on, especially in certain specific operating situations.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe object of the present invention is to provide a method ofinitially defined type which is in line with the above-mentionedof. This object is achieved according to the invention by providinghold a procedure according to appended claim 1.
    By having a drive system in one vehicle that has a secondelectric machine achieves an opportunity for improved behavior ina number of operating situations in relation to previously known drive systemswhich lacks such a design of the drive system. Such an operatingsituation is when the vehicle is driven electrically, ie with switched offinternal combustion engine, and you wish to start the internal combustion engine forto use it in the propulsion of the vehicle. It is then first ensured thatthe first locking means is in the release position, and then controlled throughoutthe course of the procedure the first electric machine to provideget the requested torque to transfer to the output of the planetary gearshoulder. The second electric machine is controlled towards and to the standstilland when this is achieved, the second locking means is transferred tothe locking position, whereupon the other electric machine is speed controlledthe idle speed of the internal combustion engine and then fuel is sprayedinto the internal combustion engine, which is thus started. Consequently,the internal combustion engine is started, without the powertrain downstream of thethe output shaft of the mains gear must be broken, ie in the case of occurrenceof a gearbox the gearbox must be disengaged, while maintainingdriving force. This approach means that the driver of thedevice, cruise control or other torque regulating function of the vehiclethe device during the execution of the procedure is free to determine and changethe torque transmitted to the vehicle's driveline via the planetary gearboxoutput shaft.
    According to an embodiment of the invention, the method comprises astep g) performed after step f) of regulation of electrical power on / offsaid electrical energy storage and / or in the vehicleelectrical auxiliary units and / or loads by controllingthe other electric machine. Such electrical auxiliary unitsand loads, such as a power steering unit, can thereby both consumemore and produce electrical energy.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, said regulationelectric power in step g) so that a power balance is achieved,whereby within the limits generally given to the drive system free choiceis carried by charging current to or discharging current from said electricalrisk energy storage and / or electrical auxiliaries and / or loadsin accordance with the prevailing operating situation of the vehicle. With the conceptpower balance means that, within the drive system generally givenrestrictions, it is possible to freely select charging current to, or dischargepower supply from, the energy storage and / or electrical auxiliary unitsand / or loads on the vehicle in the event of a breakdown, whichof course, is very advantageous in controlling the requested torqueout of the planetary gear, then for this can be chosen the way that is mostadvantageous in each particular case.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, it is waived if necessarymaintaining a power balance temporarily when performing step g).
    This may be because the internal combustion engine does not have time to build up the engine.fast enough to meet the power requirement or this islarger than the internal combustion engine can provide. That the goal ofmaintaining a balanced power balance means that the electrical energymust supply power to the first electrical machineand / or electrical auxiliaries and / or loads of the vehicle, whichket is usually possible if not desirable.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the method is performedon a vehicle with a said drive system in which the planetary gearwheels are said first component and ring wheels said third component.ponent. A connection of the rotor of the first electrical machinewith the ring gear and the output shaft of the internal combustion engine withthe wheel means a compact construction that is easy to fitin already existing spaces for drivelines (drive systems) with couplingmechanisms instead of planetary gears are achieved.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the method is performedon a vehicle with a gearbox with an input shaft which isbound to said second output shaft of the planetary gear. Viathe method according to the invention, the start of the combustionthe motor is achieved without torque interruption and with a possibility ofthe driver of the device to maintain or change the torque transmittedon the vehicle's driveline.
    The invention further relates to a computer program having those inclaim 7 listed the features, a computer software productshowing the features listed in claim 8 and an electrodetechnical control unit having the features listed in claim 9.Gene.
    Other advantageous features and advantages of the inventiongoes from the following description.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSAn exemplary embodiment ofthe invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:Fig. 1 is a very simplified view of a driveline of a vehiclewhich may be provided with a drive system for performinga method according to the invention,Fig. 2 is a more detailed, yet simplified view of a part ofa said drive system,Fig. 3 is a simplified view illustrating the general construction.of a drive system of a vehicle for which aaccording to an embodiment of the invention is carried out,Fig. 4 is a flow chart showing a method according to an embodimentembodiment of the invention, andFig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic control unit forimplementation of one or more procedures according to the inventionningen.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OFTHE INVENTIONFig. 1 shows a driveline for a heavy vehicle 1. The driveline comprises oneinternal combustion engine 2, a power transmission 3 in the form of e.g.a stepped gearbox, a continuously variable transmission (CVT)or a direct transmission, a number of drive shafts 4 and drive wheels 5.
    Between the internal combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3 comprises the drivelinean intermediate portion 6. Fig. 2 shows a part of the components inthe intermediate portion 6 in more detail, more specifically those whichcan also be found in prior art drive systems, such as that ofSE 536 329. The internal combustion engine 2 is equipped with an outputshaft 2a and the gearbox 3 with an input shaft 3a in the intermediatethe output shaft 2a of the internal combustion engine is coaxial.arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox. For-the output shaft 2a of the internal combustion engine and the input of the gearboxshaft 3a are rotatably arranged around a common axis of rotation 7.
    The intermediate portion 6 comprises a housing 8 enclosing onefirst electric machine 9 and a planetary gear. The electrical ma-the rail 9 usually comprises a stator 9a and a rotor 9b.
    The stator 9a comprises a stator core which is suitably attachedon the inside of the house 8. The stator core includes the stator windings.
    The first electric machine 9 is adapted to under someoperating opportunities utilize stored electrical energy to supply propulsionto the input shaft 3a of the gearbox and during other operating timesutilize the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox togain and store electrical energy.
    The planetary gear is arranged substantially radially inside itelectric stator 9a and rotor 9b. The planetary gear includestakes in the usual way a sun gear 10, a ring gear 11 and a planetarywheel holder 12. The planetary gear holder 12 carries a number of gears 13which are rotatably arranged in a radial space between the sun gearand the ring gear's 11 teeth. The sun gear 10 is attached to a peripheral surfaceof the output shaft 2a of the internal combustion engine. The sun wheel 10 and for-the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine rotates as a unit with onefirst speed n1. The planet gear holder 12 comprises a mounting portion 12awhich is attached to a peripheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gearboxusing a splines bandage 14. Using this bandagethe planet gear holder 12 and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox can rotateas a unit with a second speed n2. The ring gear 11 comprises aouter peripheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted. Rotorn9b and the ring gear 11 constitute a rotatable unit which rotates by onethird speed ns.
    The drive system comprises a first locking means by combustionThe output shaft 2a of the motor is provided with a displaceable onecoupling means 15. The coupling means 15 is attached to the combustionthe output shaft 2a of the motor by means of a splines joint 16.
    The coupling means 15 is in this case rotatably arranged on the combustionoutput shaft 2a of the motor and slidably mounted in an axialdirection on the output shaft 2a of the internal combustion engine. Couplingthe means 15 comprises a coupling portion 15a which is connectablewith a coupling portion 12b of the planet gear holder 12. A schematicdisplacement means 17 is adapted to displace the coupling member.the coupling means 15 between a first position when the coupling portions 15a,12b are not engaged with each other corresponding to a release positionof the first locking means and a second position then the coupling portions15a, 12b are in engagement with each other corresponding to a locking position ofthe first locking means. In this locking position comes the internal combustion engineoutput shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox to belocked and thus these as well as the rotor of the electrical machine torotate at the same speed. This condition can be called a locked place.net. The locking mechanism may also advantageously have the design providedare described in the Swedish patent SE 536 559 and includea sleeve provided with first splines which engages in the release positionwith other splines on a first component of the planetary gear and inthe locking position engages with third splines on a second component ofthe planetary gear. The first component in this case is preferablythe planetary gear holder and the other component the sun gear. Lock-the mechanism can then be designed as an annular sleeve whichsubstantially concentrically encloses the planetary gear holder. The locking agentcan also be formed by a suitable type of friction clutch.
    An electric control unit 18 is designed to control displacement means.The control unit 18 is also designed to determine at whichtraps that the electric machine should work as a motor and atwhich occasions it should work as a generator. To determinethis, the control unit 18 can receive current information if suitableoperating parameters. The control unit 18 may be a computer with softwarebe for this purpose. The control unit 18 controls a schematic viewcontrol equipment 19 which regulates the flow of electrical energy betweena hybrid battery 20 and the stator of the electrical machinewindings 9a. At times when the electric machine 9 is workingstored motor is supplied with stored electrical energy from the hybrid battery 20 tostator 9a. At times when the electric machine works asgenerator, electrical energy is supplied from the stator 9a to the hybrid battery. The hybrid battery 20 supplies and stores electrical energy with onevoltage which is of the order of 300-900 Volts. When thethe adjacent portion 6 between the internal combustion engine 2 and the gearbox3 in a vehicle is limited, the electric machine 9 is requiredand the planetary gear is a compact unit. Component of the planetary gearelements 10, 11, 12 are arranged here substantially radially internallythe stator 9a of the electric machine. The rotor 9b of the electricthe machine, the ring gear 11 of the planetary gear, the engine of the internal combustion enginegoing shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox are rotatable herearranged around a common axis of rotation 5. With such anthe electric machine 9 and the planetary gearbox occupy arelatively small space. Vehicle 1 is equipped with a motor controlfunction 21 with which the combustion engine 2 speed nl and / ortorque can be regulated. The control unit 18 thus has the opportunity toactivate the motor control function 21 and create a torquelessstand in gearbox 3 when loading and unloading gears in gearbox 3.
    Of course, instead of being controlled by a single control system, the drive system canpurity 18 is controlled by several different control units.
    The part of a drive system so far described and shown in Fig. 2as a vehicle on which a method according to the invention can be carried outoccurs in the drive system according to SE 536 329. Now comes onepart of the drive system that can be added to this part for executionThe invention will be described with reference to Fig. 3.
    The drive system, more specifically the intermediate portion 6,also shows a second electric machine 30 with a stator 31 withstator windings and a rotor 32 connected to the combustionoutput shaft 2a of the engine. A second locking means 33, which canhave a similar design to the first locking means 34, which ismore shown in Fig. 2, is designed to separate one in a release positionfirst part of the combustion engine arranged closest to the internal combustion enginethe output shaft of the motor from a second part 36 connected theretowith the sun gear 10 of the planetary gear, so that the second electric machinerotor 32 and the sun gear 10 are allowed to rotate independently of itthe first part 35 of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine. Thethe second locking means is transferable to a locking position in which the two35, 36 of the output shaft of the internal combustion engine are locked togetherand thus the first part 35 is locked together with the second electricallyrisk the rotor of the machine. The control unit 18 is designed to control the fuelsupply to the internal combustion engine 2 and exchange of electrical energybetween on the one hand the first electric machine 9 and the otherelectrical machine 30 and on the other hand stocks of electrical energy,such as batteries, and electrical auxiliaries and loads of vehiclesthe device, such as power steering unit, pumps, cooling units and the like.
    By the additional arrangement of the electric machineand the second locking means 33 a number of positive properties are achievedat the drive system. Drive the vehicle with the first locking means 34 in11locking position and, for example, the second locking means 33 in locking position, and thatthere is a desire to transfer the first locking means 34 into the releaseposition, then the power unit configuration is controlled against the torquebalance between the components that are locked together, ie planetary gear12 and the sun gear 10, via the first locking means 34 against the torquebalance. This can then be done by controlling the first electricthe machine 9 and at least one of the other electric machineand the internal combustion engine 2, since the second locking means 33 isin locking position, against said torque balance, whereby also possibleavailable for energy storage in the hybrid battery 30 if desired. Therebyapplies that torque balance is achieved when the following relationship betweenthe applied moments are fulfilled for the example shown in Fig. 3.configuration:whereTsoim-ui and Trmghjui are moments applied to the sun gear and ringthe wheel AND heel 'is Tsolnjul = Tice + Temz AND Tringhjul = Tem1 withTice is moment applied to the output shaft of the internal combustion engineTemz is torque applied via the stator of the other electrical machineon its rotorTerm is torque applied via the stator of the first electrical machineon its rotor,ZS is the number of teeth of the sun gear,Zr is the number of teeth of the ring gear.12Consequently, torque balance refers to the state in which a rotationalact on a ring gear arranged at the planetary gear, corresponding toproduct of the torque acting on the planetary gearmesh holder and planetary gear ratio at the same timeas a torque acts on the sun gear of the planetary gear, correspondinglythe product of the torque acting on the planetary gear carrier and (1minus the planetary gear ratio). At such torquelance transmits said first locking means 34 no torque betweennetwork switch components. When such torque balance has been achieved canthe first locking means 34 is easily transferred to the release position,so that the components of the planetary gear are no longer locked together. TheThe method according to the invention makes it possible to start the combustionthe engine when driving the vehicle without any torque interruption in thewith the freedom of the vehicle's driver, cruise control orother torque regulating function of the vehicle to determine andchange the driveline torque during the procedure. However, this also appliesa small reservation, as in certain operating situations due toRetirement restrictions may be necessary to achievea quick start of the internal combustion engine reduces the torque in the drivelineslightly, as the torque of the other electrical machine is applied toto cancel the reaction moment from the first electric ma-skin, and pull around the internal combustion engine. Therefore, then the first canthe electric machine is steered towards the output shaft of the planetary geartransmit a requested torque that is slightly lower than that torquewhich is transmitted on this axis when the procedure is started.
    A great advantage of a drive system according to Fig. 3 with or without itthe second locking means is the possibility of a continuous supply of electricityof electrical units in all operating cases with connected combustion13engine in perpetuity. This is not normally done with hybridsolutions with just one electric machine. When the first locking meansis in the locked position, said electrical unit is supplied by itrequested electrical power to the electrical auxiliary unitsand the electrical loads of the vehicle are distributed substantially equallylan the electrical machines. In this way, the losses inthe electric machines by the torque per electric machinehalved compared to the fact that an electric machine had accounted for the wholethe electrical power. Since the operation of the electrical machinerylust effects scale substantially towards the applied torque squaredthis essentially halves the electrical machinerylosses. However, such a distribution (50/50) is possiblenot optimal in the case where the two electrical machines haveions that differ significantly from each other, but thenhowever, after selecting said proportions while having this opti-grind distribution in mind.
    When the first locking means is open, the first electric one comesthe machine to determine the torque in the driveline. The internal combustion enginespeed is controlled to an operating point selected by minimizing lossesinternal combustion engine losses together with electrical machinery andverter losses. The second electric machine is then used tobalance the power to any existing energy storage,risk units and the first electrical machine. A great strengthis that the power supply of the electrical units can also take placeif the vehicle is not equipped with electrical storage. Maintenancecan also take place continuously during all types of up- andnerve changes, during crawling, during driving and brakingning. All driving cases except electric driving and brake regeneration are possible14to perform without electrical energy storage or with a defective energyger. In case of operation without or with defective electrical energy storage sonormally the other electrical machine will be voltage controlledto maintain the correct voltage level on the DC link (supplythe voltage of the two inverters connected to the statorsin the electrical machines). One can even imagine that insteadthe first electric machine is voltage controlled in some cases. Excitingcontrol is a “mode” in the inverter where a voltage is requested frominvert. The inverter then controls the torque of the electrical machineso that the requested voltage is maintained at the inverter supplypage.
    Fig. 4 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to an embodimentembodiment of the present invention performed on a vehicle with adrive system of the type shown in Fig. 3. The vehicle is driven withthe combustion engine is switched off and the second locking means in the releaseposition, and if the first locking means is not in release position, seefirst in a step S1 that it is transmitted in this mode. Throughout the procedureits course, a step S2 is performed in the form of controlling the first electricalrisk machine to achieve the required torque on planetary growthelns output shaft. In a step S3, the second electrical machine is controlled.to a standstill, whereupon in a step S4 the second locking meansis locked. Then, in a step S5, the second electrically controlledrisk the machine at the idle speed of the internal combustion engine, whereuponthis is started by injecting fuel into it in a step S6.
    Computer program code for implementing a procedure according tothe invention is suitably included in a computer program that is loadedto the internal memory of a computer, such as the internal memory ofan electronic control unit of a vehicle. Such a computer programis conveniently provided via a computer software product comprisingdurable data storage readable by an electronic control unitwhich data storage medium has the computer programrat thereupon. Said data storage medium is, for example, an optical onedata storage medium in the form of a CD-ROM, a DVDetc., a magnetic data storage medium in the form of a hard disk, afloppy disk, a cassette tape, etc., or a Flash memory or a memoryof the type ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM.
    Fig. 5 very schematically illustrates an electronic control unit 18comprising an execution means 37, such as a central processingCPU, for executing computer software. Executionthe means 37 communicates with a memory 38, for example of the typeRAM, via a data bus 39. The control unit 18 also comprises alike data storage medium 40, for example in the form of a Flash memoryor a ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM memory. Ex-the equation means 37 communicates with the data storage medium 40 viathe data bus 39. A computer program comprising computer program codefor implementing a method according to the invention is storedon the data storage medium 40.
    The invention is of course not in any way limited to those abovedescribed embodiments, without a variety of possibilities for modi-fications thereof should be apparent to one skilled in the artwithout departing from the scope of the inventionthis is defined in the appended claims.
    The process according to the invention could be carried out in adon with a drive system that has the planetary gear ring gear as16said first component and sun gear as said third componentnent, which means that the rotor of the first electrical machine wouldbe connected to the sun gear of the planetary gear and the otherthe rotor of the risk machine and the internal combustion engine would bethe one with the planetary gear ring gear instead of the sun gear. With pre-part, however, is the output shaft of the planetary gear for transmitting torquefor the propulsion of the vehicle connected to the planetary gear carrier.
    It is also not necessary that the output shaft from the planetarythe gearbox is an input shaft of a gearbox, without the vehicle wouldbe able to lack a gearbox.
    “Electric energy storage” in this document is to be interpreted as an energygilager which has an electrical interface relative to the first andother electrical machine of the drive system, but the storage ofenergy can take place in other ways than electrically. This means thatempty electric battery and capacitor are for example flywheels,other mechanical devices, and means for building pressure, e.g.pneumatic or hydraulic, conceivable.
    权利要求:
    Claims (1)
    [1]
    A method for controlling a vehicle (1) with a drive system comprising an output shaft (2a) of an internal combustion engine (2), a first electric machine (9) comprising a stator (9a) and a rotor (9b), a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun gear (10), a ring gear (11) and a planet gear holder (12), the output shaft (2a) of the internal combustion engine being connected to a first ( 10) of said components of the planetary gear so that a rotation of this shaft leads to a rotation of this component, an output shaft (3a) of the planetary gear for transmitting torque for the propulsion of the vehicle being connected to a second (12) of said shaft. components of the planetary gear so that a rotation of this shaft leads to a rotation of this component and the rotor (9b) of the electric machine is connected to a third (11) of said components of the planetary gear so that a rotation of the rotor to a rotation of this component, whereby dri The system further comprises a first locking means (34) transferable between a locking position in which two of said components are locked together so that the three components rotate at the same speed and a release position in which the components (10-12) are allowed to rotate at different speeds, characterized that the control is performed for a vehicle whose drive system also comprises a second electric machine (30) with a stator (31) and a rotor (32) which is connected to the output shaft (2a) of the internal combustion engine between the internal combustion engine (2) and said first component (10), a second locking means (33) transferable between a locking position in which the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is locked together with the rotor (32) of the second electric machine and said first component (10) and a release position in which the output shaft (2a) of the internal combustion engine is disengaged from the rotor (32) of the second electric machine and said first component (10) and is allowed to rotate independently thereof and at least one ele electric energy storage (20) for exchanging electrical energy with the first (9) and second (30) electrical machines, and that the method comprises the following steps for switching off the vehicle with the internal combustion engine (2) and the second locking means when driving (33) in the release position start the internal combustion engine: a) ensure that the first locking means (34) is in the release position, b) control of the first electric machine (9) to cause the required torque to transmit to said output shaft (3a) throughout the process; of the planetary gear, c) steering the second electric machine (30) towards and to a standstill, d) transferring the second locking means (33) to the locking position when the second electric machine (30) and the said input shaft (2a) ) stopped, e) speed control of the second electric machine (30) towards and to the idle speed of the internal combustion engine, and f) injection of fuel into the internal combustion engine (2). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is performed on a vehicle with a gearbox (3) with an input shaft (3a) which is connected to said output shaft of the planetary gear. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a step g) performed after step f) of regulating electrical power to / from said electrical energy storage and / or electrical auxiliary units present in the vehicle and / or loads by controlling the second electric machine (30). Method according to claim 3, characterized in that said regulation of power takes place so that power balance is achieved, wherein within limits generally given to the drive system free choice of charging current to or discharge current from said electrical energy storage (20) and / or electrical auxiliary units and / or loads in accordance with the prevailing operating situation of the vehicle. A method according to claim 4, characterized in that, if necessary, maintenance of power balance is temporarily waived when performing step g). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is carried out on a vehicle with a said drive system in which the sun gear (10) of the planetary gear is said first component and ring gear (11) said third component. Computer program that is loadable directly to the internal memory of a computer, which computer program comprises computer program code for causing the computer to control the steps according to any one of claims 1-6 when said computer program is run on the computer. A computer program product comprising a data storage medium (40) readable by a computer, the computer program code of a computer program according to claim 7 being stored on the data storage medium. Electronic control unit for a motor vehicle comprising an execution means (37), a memory (38) connected to the execution means and a data storage medium (40) connected to the execution means (37), the computer program code of a computer program according to claim 7 being stored on said data storage medium .
    类似技术:
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    法律状态:
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    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    SE1351574|2013-12-23|
    SE1451652A|SE539482C2|2013-12-23|2014-12-23|Procedure for starting combustion engine in driving vehicles|SE1451652A| SE539482C2|2013-12-23|2014-12-23|Procedure for starting combustion engine in driving vehicles|
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